Turpentine is the volatile oil distilled from pine resin, which itself is obtained by tapping trees of the genus Pinus. The solid material left behind after distillation is known as rosin. Both products are used in a wide variety of applications but only turpentine is discussed in detail here rosin is briefly referred to in PRODUCTS OTHER THAN OIL. Turpentine, rosin and derivatives of these which have been obtained via tapping of living pine trees whether natural stands or plantations are known collectively as gum naval stores and the turpentine and rosin as gum turpentine and gum rosin, respectively. This distinguishes them from turpentine and rosin which have been recovered as byproducts from chemical pulping of pines and which are referred to as sulphate naval stores; and wood naval stores, which are similar materials obtained from aged pine stumps. Neither sulphate nor wood naval stores are discussed further.

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