Describes research in Israel into the stress caused by using effluent water which is saline and high in boron for the irrigation of date palms. Boron is an important element in association with plant development and agricultural production. Boron in some soils and irrigation waters reaches concentrations that are found to be toxic to plants. Commonly, boron toxicity occurs in arid regions where irrigation water contains high boron. These regions are often also associated with high water demands for plants and with high salinity in soils and irrigation water. In the Southern Arava Valley, date plantations are traditionally irrigated with saline water. Today, many orchards have switched to effluent water.

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